The Catalog File is a B-tree that contains records for all the files and directories stored in the volume. Volume header which is located in the second sector.HFS boot blocks located in sectors 0 and 1.The following elements are most important for the proper operation of the file system and are of special interest when searching for missing data: To manage the process of data allocation on the disk, HFS+ stores special service information known as metadata. Just as its predecessor, HFS+ uses the so-called B-tree to store a major part of metadata. Journaled operating system keeps a log file (journal) of changes which helps to recover the hard disk quicker after failures, and accelerates the work of Time Machine. HFS+ introduced journaling, which increased reliability of data storage. HFS+ or Mac OS Extended is the update for the previous file system format by Mac OS known as HFS, or Hierarchical File System.
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